A sketch of Chinese Grammar
| 名称
Term |
汉语
Chinese |
英语
English |
对比说明
Explanation |
| 名词的数
Number of noun |
一张桌子
两本书 |
a table two books | 汉语的名词没有单数、复数的变化
In Chinese, the noun has no changes to singular and plural numbers. |
| 动词
Verbs |
看-看看、看一下、看了看、 | Look、have a look | 汉语的动词可以重叠使用
Verbs in Chinese can be duplicated. |
| 数量词
Measure words (Quantifiers) |
我有三本书。 | I have three books | 汉语有很多量词。数词和名词之间必须要有量词。
There are plenty of measure words or quantifiers in Chinese.There must be a measure word between numerals and nouns. |
| 了
le |
我吃完晚饭了。 | I have finished my dinner. | “了”放在动词后面或者句子后面表示事情、动作完成了或者发生了变化。。
The word “了”following a verb or a sentence indicates that the action or something has been done or has changed. |
| 着
zhe |
老师在凳子上坐着呢。 | The teacher is sitting on his chair | “着”放在动词后，表示动作或者状态正在持续。
The word 着 following a verb indicates that it is in a state of continuous actions or mode. |
| 过
guo |
我去过北京。 | I have been to Beijing. | “过”强调某种动作曾经发生过或强调某种经历。
The word 过 following a verb indicates that a certain action has happened or a certain experience is being stressed. |
| 正在… 正在..呢
zheng zai..ne |
我正看小说呢。 | I am reading a novel. | “正在..呢”表示某个动作正在进行中。
“正在..呢” indicates an action is going on right now. |